Abstract: When traditional methods are used to test soil moisture migration of rock and soil, the undisturbed soil is often broken and reshaped, which will change the structure of rock and soil and affect the authenticity of the test results. In order to solve this problem, a new testing method is proposed by using the characteristics of nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)technology for nondestructive measurement of moisture in materials. Firstly, the calibration experiment was carried out to establish a functional relationship between the NMR signal amplitude and the position of a soil sample with unit water mass in a non-uniform magnetic field of 0~0.05 T. Second, a one-dimensional infiltration experiment and NMR test were conducted to record the infiltration time, water mass increase and NMR signal under different test positions. Then, using the functional relationship obtained in the calibration experiment, approximations of the moisture mass and its spatial distribution in the sample were obtained by comparing the theoretical signal and the measured signals. Finally, the mudstone sample was cut into several parts to perform a verification experiment by oven drying, and the results showed that the error in water content was 4.05 % or less.