Abstract: This paper puts forward the energy characteristics and mechanism elements of rock burst, and preliminarily establishes the evaluation index and system of roadway rock burst mechanism ("3 + 4" index system).The main criterion layer of the system is the energy release characteristic index of rock burst and the key element index of rock burst mechanism.The secondary criterion layer is sudden energy release, instantaneous energy release, concentrate energy release, and forming element, key element, hypothesis condition and universal regularity.The weight of each criterion layer is calculated by analytic hierarchy process method.The calculation method and classification standard of comprehensive evaluation results are put forward.According to the established evaluation index system of rock burst mechanism, the butterfly rock burst mechanism is evaluated, and the evaluation result is "excellent". The research results can be used to evaluate the existing rock burst mechanism, and point out the direction for the follow-up research of rock burst mechanism.